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Utilities in Istanbul
Utilities in Istanbul covers the topic of public utility services in the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
==Water supply==
The first water supply systems which were built in Istanbul date back to the foundation of the city. Two of the greatest aqueducts built in the Roman period are the Mazulkemer Aqueduct and the Valens Aqueduct. These aqueducts were built in order to channel water from the Halkalı area in the western edge of the city to the Beyazıt district in the city center, which was known as the ''Forum Tauri'' in the Roman period.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=İSKİ İstanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi: Tarihce ) 〕 After reaching the city center, the water was later collected in the city's numerous cisterns, such as the famous Philoxenos (Binbirdirek) Cistern and the Basilica (Yerebatan) Cistern.
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent commissioned Mimar Sinan, his engineer and architect-in-chief, to improve the water needs of the city. Sinan constructed the Kırkçeşme Water Supply System in 1555.〔 In later years, with the aim of responding to the ever-increasing public demand, water from various springs was channeled to the public fountains by means of small supply lines; see German Fountain.
Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage disposal system managed by the government agency İSKİ.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=İSKİ Administration ) 〕 There are also several private sector organizations distributing clean water.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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